An appearance‐preserving simplification method for complex 3D building models     

Jiangfeng She  Xiaoyan Gu  Junzhong Tan  Ming Tong  Chaofan Wang 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):275-293

The simplification of 3D building models to effectively reduce model complexity and improve rendering efficiency is an important component of 3D GIS. To reduce the data volume while preserving the model appearance, this article proposes a novel simplification method for complex 3D building models. Texture discontinuities are addressed by developing a new data model that records the mapping relation between the texture coordinates of each vertex and its neighboring triangles. The surface mesh of the building model is then segmented into regions, guided by topology and appearance. Finally, the mesh segmentation information is used to derive an improved error metric that considers both geometric and texture errors, and the texture coordinates are adjusted after each simplification operation. A series of comparative experiments alongside traditional methods demonstrates that our approach achieves a good balance between geometric fidelity and texture preservation, and produces simplified 3D building models with better visual quality.  相似文献   

面向服务的动态制图服务系统关键技术探讨     

练栩  谭明  吴丹丹 《测绘通报》2020,(1):120

首先分析了传统专题地图制图技术在测绘信息化发展过程中呈现的弊端；然后基于目前迅速发展的WebGIS技术，研究了基于Web服务的在线制图技术，就在线地图制图中的符号构建、制图服务模型、数据服务等方面提出了基于在线地图的交互式自定义制图；最后设计开发了基于Web服务的交互式制图系统，实现了面向普通用户的在线订阅式制图和面向专业用户的在线定制式制图。实践表明，该系统动态专题制图功能灵活，表达方式多样，传播效率高，能满足不同专业背景用户的制图需求。  相似文献   

利用水准数据的天津市地面沉降时空特征分析     

常明  尹海权  苏广利  田晓  徐玉健 《测绘通报》2020,(7):88-92

地面不均匀沉降可能对城市的发展与人民的安全造成危害，天津市的地面沉降情况尤为严重。针对该问题，本文收集天津市2005—2012年、2016—2017年水准观测数据，以固定水准点位的沉降量、沉降速率、沉降加速率为状态向量，构建卡尔曼滤波模型，对天津市历年的水准观测数据进行滤波；根据滤波后的结果，本文利用多项式加权内插的方法，以距离、沉降速率、沉降加速率信息确定权值大小，对地面沉降情况进行内插；并以中误差作为精度评定参数，比较多种内插方法的精度。通过对内插结果的试验分析发现，2005—2017年天津市地面累计平均沉降量为394.477 5 mm，最大沉降量为1 143.5 mm；主要沉降区域为北辰、大港、塘沽等地区，且随着时间的增长，这些区域呈现漏斗式下沉。试验证明本文结合卡尔曼滤波与多项式加权内插的方式能够较好地反映地面沉降的时空特征分布情况并对未来一段时间的沉降情况进行预测，对天津市的城市发展及建设有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

Similarity measurement on human mobility data with spatially weighted structural similarity index (SpSSIM)     

Chanwoo Jin  Atsushi Nara  Jiue‐An Yang  Ming‐Hsiang Tsou 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(1):104-122

Understanding diverse characteristics of human mobility provides profound knowledge of urban dynamics and complexity. Human movements are recorded in a variety of data sources and each describes unique mobility characteristics. Revealing similarity and difference in mobility data sources facilitates grasping comprehensive human mobility patterns. This study introduces a new method to measure similarities on two origin–destination (OD) matrices by spatially extending an image‐assessment tool, the structural similarity index (SSIM). The new measurement, spatially weighted SSIM (SpSSIM), utilizes weight matrices to overcome the SSIM sensitivity issue due to the ordering of OD pairs by explicitly defining spatial adjacency. To evaluate SpSSIM, we compared performances between SSIM and SpSSIM with resampling the orders of OD pairs and conducted bootstrapping to test the statistical significance of SpSSIM. As a case study, we compared OD matrices generated from three data sources in San Diego County, CA: U.S. Census‐based Longitudinal Employer–Household Dynamics Origin–Destination employment statistics, Twitter, and Instagram. The case study demonstrated that SpSSIM was able to capture similarities of mobility patterns between datasets that varied by distance. Some regions showed local dissimilarity while the global index indicated they were similar. The results enhance the understanding of complex mobility patterns from various datasets, including social media.  相似文献   

Extracting invariant characteristics of sketch maps: Towards place query‐by‐sketch     

Ming Tang  Zoe Falomir  Christian Freksa  Yehua Sheng  Haiyang Lyu 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(4):903-943

In geography, invariant aspects of sketches are essential to study because they reflect the human perception of real‐world places. A person's perception of a place can be expressed in sketches. In this article, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the characteristics of single objects and characteristics among objects in sketches and the real world to find reliable invariants that can be used to establish references/correspondences between sketch and world in a matching process. These characteristics include category, shape, name, and relative size of each object. Moreover, quantity and spatial relationships—such as topological, ordering, and location relationships—among all objects are also analyzed to assess consistency between sketched and actual places. The approach presented in this study extracts the reliable invariants for query‐by‐sketch and prioritizes their relevance for a sketch‐map matching process.  相似文献   

测绘地理信息档案管理对策研究     

李明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):9-11,15

国民经济建设对测绘地理信息档案的需求旺盛,如何对测绘地理信息数据进行归档管理,提高测绘地理信息档案存储的安全性及方便再利用,已经成为测绘地理信息档案管理部门需要研究的重要课题。本文通过分析当前测绘地理信息档案管理的现状,指出存在的问题,提出有力的改进措施。  相似文献   

Exploring commercial sector building energy consumption in China     

Ming Zhang  Yan Song  Lixia Yao 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(3):2673-2682

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地震作用下预应力锚索边坡的稳定性分析     

贾志波  陶连金  史明 《岩土力学》2020,41(11):3604-3612

稳定性分析对边坡工程具有重要的意义。为探究地震对预应力锚固边坡的影响，基于预应力锚索具有安全储备的特点，分析了地震作用下边坡的分阶段模型。在传统Newmark法的基础上，采用拟动力计算，推导了顺层岩质边坡的位移、锚固力和安全系数计算公式。结合工程两个算例，探究了不同锚索模型和地震累积作用下的边坡变形规律。由结果可知，当锚索锚固力取固定值时，边坡计算位移偏大，随时间呈线性增长。当考虑锚索的安全储备时，位移增长速率随时间逐渐减小，最后趋近于定值。不同锚索模型对位移影响较大，锚索储备作用不可忽略。同时地震会对预应力锚固边坡产生永久性影响。当再次发生扰动时，其表现为临界滑动阈值的提升，位移增长率与受震经历的加速度幅值呈反指数变化。以露天矿区边坡为背景，在抗震设防标准下确定最佳支护方案。  相似文献   

阿拉善左旗巴彦诺日公矿区饰面石材花岗岩矿地质特征     

赵明  钱洪夫  刘炎东  李萌  刘丙秋 《化工矿产地质》2020,42(4):308-314

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封闭系统中的白云石化作用过程及其油气地质意义——以南羌塘拗陷中侏罗统布曲组白云岩为例     

孙伟  陈明  万友利  何江林  兰叶芳  卫红伟  陈浩 《地质论评》2020,66(5):1217-1229

南羌塘拗陷中侏罗统布曲组结晶白云岩作为盆地最优质的储层是通过埋藏成岩过程中封闭条件下的白云石化作用形成的，岩石所具有的高孔隙度与封闭系统中白云石化反应有关。根据对羌资11井和羌资12井布曲组的岩石结构分类、碳氧同位素组成及温度计算、流体包裹体均一温度等分析结果，可以认为：结晶白云岩碳同位素值分布区间较窄（2. 86‰~4. 27‰），氧同位素值随着白云石晶体变粗（自形程度变差）逐渐偏负（-3. 27‰~-8. 17‰），显著低于保留原始组构的白云岩，表明结晶白云岩碳源来自于先驱灰岩中的碳，其白云石化作用应是在远离大气水的封闭成岩环境中进行；结晶白云岩流体包裹体均一温度主峰值区间为90~140 ℃，且随着白云石晶粒变粗（自形程度变差），均一温度呈升高的趋势，与氧同位素计算温度变化趋势一致，表明白云石化作用过程是在封闭的条件下进行，白云石随地热增温而生长，并非受外来流体的影响。开放系统中的白云石化作用对油气储集空间的形成没有实际意义，而埋藏成岩过程中封闭系统的白云石化是形成南羌塘拗陷优质储层最为重要的成岩机制。  相似文献